International legal framework and policy of interaction with the diaspora: foreign experience and analysis of current practice

Abstract

This study is devoted to the international legal framework and policy for regulating interaction with the diaspora, analyzing foreign experience and assessing the current policy in this area with an emphasis on the Kazakhstani context. The work examines key international legal documents, including the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and the Dublin Declaration, which form the basic principles of interaction between states and diasporas.

Based on a comparative legal analysis, successful practices of several countries were studied, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Uzbekistan Egypt, Senegal, Rwanda, and where specialized legislative acts, concepts and programs aimed at mobilizing the potential of the diaspora in the interests of socio-economic development were developed. Particular attention was paid to institutional mechanisms, coordination at the level of government bodies, as well as the involvement of the diaspora in local initiatives and investment projects.

The study results showed that Kazakhstan needs to develop a comprehensive approach to interaction with the diaspora, including adopting special legislation, creating an effective institutional framework, and integrating socio-economic programs. The proposed model includes introducing monitoring systems, coordinating activities at the central and local levels, and using foreign experience to attract the economic, cultural, and human potential of the Kazakh diaspora.