Defining Artificial Intelligence systems: from conceptual analysis to legal enforcement
Abstract
The creation of effective digital legislation in Kazakhstan requires a careful approach to the selection of available legal tools or even the development of new mechanisms that would ensure not only the preservation of the sustainability of the national legal system, but also its adaptation to technological changes with minimal risks to society,
The objective of this study is to develop an approach to the definition of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems by highlighting their basic characteristics, with the aim of formulating a flexible and universal legal definition. Such an approach is necessary to ensure legal clarity and compliance with international standards in the development of a legal framework for AI regulation in Kazakhstan.
The methodology consisted of several stages. In the first stage, an extensive literature review was conducted to systematize the sources, including scientific articles, monographs, international standards and legal documents. Next, the existing definitions of AI systems were analyzed, which made it possible to identify key characteristics. These characteristics were analyzed using the method of comparison and quantitative calculation of their recurrence in different sources. Based on the obtained data, an integrative approach to the definition of AI systems, reflecting their essential characteristics, was formulated.
The results of the study show that the most common characteristics of AI systems include the ability to learn, adaptability, autonomy, processing large amounts of data, and the use of complex algorithmic approaches. Special attention is paid to the distinction between AI systems and traditional software solutions based on predefined rules.
The findings underscore the need to create a legal definition that takes into account the unique characteristics of AI while providing flexibility for future technological innovation. The proposed recommendations promote a balance between scientific validity, practical applicability and international harmonization, which is particularly important for the development of a legal framework in the context of global digital transformation.
